Membrane modules

How do draw and feed streams circulate in an FO module? Most of us who are interested in forward osmosis technologies and their applications are familiar with the general concept of how...

Hollow fibre modules made from hollow fibre forward osmosis membranes Hollow fibre module summary Packing density up to 1600 m2/m3 Advantage ideally suitable for high volume applications due to high packing density and resulting small module...

Spiral wound modules made from flat sheet forward osmosis membranes Spiral wound module summary Packing density up to 600 m2/m3 Advantage suitable for large-volume applications due to high packing density and resulting small membrane footprint Disadvantage membrane fouling...

Tubular modules made from tubular forward osmosis membranes Tubular module summary Packing density Up to 500 m2/m3 Advantage ease of modularization and ease operation when wastestreams contain high amounts of fouling agents and/or solutions entering the...

Plate & frame modules made from flat sheet forward osmosis membranes Plate & frame (stacked) FO module summary Packing density typically below 100 m2/m3 Advantage ease of operation when waste streams contain high amounts of fouling...

An overview of the 4 different types of forward osmosis (FO) membrane modules FO membrane modules come in 4 generic design variants, namely the plate & frame module, the spiral wound module,...