Inquiry: draw and feed circulation paths in FO modules
How do draw and feed streams circulate in an FO module?
Most of us who are interested in forward osmosis technologies and their applications are familiar with the general concept of how...
Hollow fiber forward osmosis membrane modules
Hollow fibre modules made from hollow fibre forward osmosis membranes
Hollow fibre module summary
Packing density
up to 1600 m2/m3
Advantage
ideally suitable for high volume applications due to high packing density and resulting small module...
Spiral wound forward osmosis membrane modules
Spiral wound modules made from flat sheet forward osmosis membranes
Spiral wound module summary
Packing density
up to 600 m2/m3
Advantage
suitable for large-volume applications due to high packing density and resulting small membrane footprint
Disadvantage
membrane fouling...
Tubular forward osmosis membrane modules
Tubular modules made from tubular forward osmosis membranes
Tubular module summary
Packing density
Up to 500 m2/m3
Advantage
ease of modularization and ease operation when waste-streams contain high amounts of fouling agents and/or solutions entering the...
Plate and frame forward osmosis membrane modules
Plate & frame modules made from flat sheet forward osmosis membranes
Plate & frame (stacked) FO module summary
Packing density
typically below 100 m2/m3
Advantage
ease of operation when waste streams contain high amounts of fouling...
The 4 different designs of forward osmosis (FO) membrane modules
An overview of the 4 different types of forward osmosis (FO) membrane modules
FO membrane modules come in 4 generic design variants, namely the plate & frame module, the spiral wound module,...