The difference between a PRO process and the PRO membrane orientation mode
PRO process vs. PRO membrane orientation mode - a question from one of our readers
Recently, ForwardOsmosisTech received the following email from one our readers:
Hi
I'm really confused, and have one question about...
Efficiency of forward osmosis desalination by McGovern et. al. 2014
Article suggesting that forward osmosis is not energy efficient compared to reverse osmosis gains social media attention
On June 21st 2014, McGovern, a post-doc at MIT's Department of Mechanical engineering, and co-workers...
IDA forward osmosis webinar with focus on Oasys Water
Dr. Nathan Hancock, senior director of R&D for Oasys Water, shares his thoughts on forward osmosis based systems for water treatment.
In a recent IDA YLP (International Desalination Association Young Leaders Programme)...
How forward osmosis can help cut energy usage in industrial water treatment processes
The main challenge with today's water treatment technologies
Today's water treatment technologies are effective but not always efficient. As a result, considerably more energy will be needed to replenish ever dwindling fresh...
The use of fertilizer drawn forward osmosis for fertigation
The use of fertilizer drawn forward osmosis for fertigation - a real FO application or a pipe dream?
Fertigation is an agricultural irrigation process where water soluble fertilizers or soil improvement products...
Membrane fouling in forward osmosis (FO) processes is reversible
Membrane fouling in reverse osmosis and forward osmosis processes
The difference in membrane fouling between reverse osmosis and forward osmosis processes can be attributed to the underlying driving force for water transport.
In...
Hollow fiber forward osmosis membrane modules
Hollow fibre modules made from hollow fibre forward osmosis membranes
Hollow fibre module summary
Packing density
up to 1600 m2/m3
Advantage
ideally suitable for high volume applications due to high packing density and resulting small module...
Spiral wound forward osmosis membrane modules
Spiral wound modules made from flat sheet forward osmosis membranes
Spiral wound module summary
Packing density
up to 600 m2/m3
Advantage
suitable for large-volume applications due to high packing density and resulting small membrane footprint
Disadvantage
membrane fouling...
Tubular forward osmosis membrane modules
Tubular modules made from tubular forward osmosis membranes
Tubular module summary
Packing density
Up to 500 m2/m3
Advantage
ease of modularization and ease operation when wastestreams contain high amounts of fouling agents and/or solutions entering the...
Plate and frame forward osmosis membrane modules
Plate & frame modules made from flat sheet forward osmosis membranes
Plate & frame (stacked) FO module summary
Packing density
typically below 100 m2/m3
Advantage
ease of operation when waste streams contain high amounts of fouling...
